Anchor and clip for rails and the like



F. w. COOPER ET AL March 30 1926.

NC HOR AND CLIP FOR RAILS AND THE LIKE Filed 001;. 2, 1922 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 -//7re/7/0rs Franc/ls PK L'odper 'f/enz/ S/eadwaf/fiy 5 F. W. COOPER ET AL ANCHbR AND CLIP FOR RAILS AND THE LIKE March so 1926. 2 1,578,497

Filed Oct. 2, 1922 v 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 five/2mm Hana/s 11/. Cooper flan/y Skadwor/fiy I rail down on any such the plate shoulder.

' longitudinal or in its Patented Mar. 30, 1926.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

renters W. COOPIiR AND HENRY STEADWOIRTHY,

or uon'rnnan, annexe, enuml.

ANCHOR AND CLIP FOR RAILS AND THE LIKE.

Application flled' October 2,

1 and the like, of which the following is a full,

clear, and exact description.

This invention relates to improvements in rail anchors, rail clips and the like, and the object of durable, eflicient and inexpensivemeans for securing a rail to a tie .plate, base plate, rail chair, tie spacer or other element to hold the plate ordevice, and also to holdthe rail against movement tively to the plate or other element.

A further object is to provide a rail holding device capable of holding a rail against longitudinal movement equally well in either direction. v I A still further object is to provide 'means which, when used with. a shouldered tie plate or the like, will hold a rail base tight against Another object is to provide a device "of this character adapted to hold a spike to a plate and against creeping up due to rail undulation.

4 Still another object is to provide a onepiece device of this character capable o accommodating itself to variations in the size of plates, rails and spikes.

Yetv another object is to provide a device of resilient character which will yield to plate without injury take up wear and certain relative movements of therail and to itself, and which will so maintain an etficient grip during long periods of service.

'. An additional object is to provide a device which may be easily applied to and removed from a rail without injuryto itself or to the rail.

A further additional object is to provide a device for use in conjunction with a standard spike and which tends to distort ,the .spike in driving, whereby the spike is more se- 'curely held in a tie.

Various other objects and advantages will be apparent to those skilled in the art from -.the following disclosure. h

The device comprises essentially a me'rn-. ber hooked at one end to engage under atie the invention is to provide simple, proper position relatively in its lateral direction relabreakage, to take up wear, and to obtain and maintain a very tight grip'on'the rail and plate when forced to its final position. 4 The device is adapted for insertion through an and at the opposite end to opening in a tie plate orthe like and for use in conjunction 'with a standard spike driven through the opening to force the device into rail. The device is prov1ded with means to engage the head of the spike and hold the same against upward creepage due to rail undulation.

In the accompanying drawings which illustrate certain but by no means all possible embodiments of the invention to the plate and Fig. 1 is a cross sectional view of a rail base and tie plate illustrating the clip or anchor in position.

Fig. 2 1s a side elevatlon of the anchor in EOSIUOII on fragments of a plateand rail ase.

Fig. is afragmentary viewsimilar to Figure 1 showing the device in process of application and illustrating-the methodof application.

. Figs.4 and 5 are 7 andlS are fragmentary views of fragmentary views sim-' ilar to Figure 1 illustrating modifications of. the device. f Figs. 6,

the lower hook end of the clip illustrating various possible formations thereof.

Figs. 9and 10 are fragmentary views similar to Figure 1 illustrating further modified forms of clip.

Fig. 11 shows the device'used solely as an anfi creepe1x In the above described drawings a conventional 'type of tie plate has been -illus-- trated for purposes of example and also standard spikes, but it will be understood that the invention is not in any way limited to use with a plate or with spikes as illustrated, but is applicable by suitable dimensioning to any form of plate, chair,- tie spacer or other device to which it may be designed to secure a rail or which it may I be desired to secure to the base of a rail, I

such for example as gauge bars between switch points. It will also be understood 1m that the standard track spikes illustrated may be replaced by spikes of special design meral and also for the reception of a spike 16 of standard or and dimensions. v

The clip. 15 comprises by preference a strip of fiat spring steel bent rather sharply upon itself at one end to form a hook 17 and other suitable form benttoward the opposite end and toward the ure 3; when the clip is not in use.

same side as the hook 17 to form a comparatively large-loop or eye 18, which is preferably slightly. open as indicated at 1:5, Fighe extremity of the bar of metal forming the loo-p modified as desired. The shank 21 of the cli 18 is preferably straight for a short distance, as indicated at 20,so as to have an appreciablebearing surface on the upper face of the rail base when in position, as illustrated in Figure 1 and other figures. It will be understood that the invention is not confined in any way to the relative size of the -hook.17 and loop 18 or to the curvatures thereof illustrated, as

such details may be that is to say, the part between the hook 1 and the loop 18, may be formed in a variety of ways of which only some are illustrated and hereafterdescribed. One form which has been found.

very serviceable and efficient is illustrated in Figures land 3and embodies a short reverse curve 22 'immediately'above the hook 17 forming aslight projection from the line the opening 14 under the edge of the maof the shank and on the same side as the hook 17, which projection or offset will bear against the edge of'the tie. plate defining base. It is customary to so position the spike holes intie plates that the edge of the rail base slightly overlies the hole, and in connection with the present invention itis desirable to observe the same precaution in 3 order that the projection or offset 22 may engage under the rail base. The reason for this is that in the remotely possible contin gency of the hook 17 opening or breaking the projection 22 will hold the clip against upward withdrawal, so that the clip remains serviceable to hold the rail against the plate shoulder-13. Above the oiiset 22 the shank of the clip may be substantially straight, as indicated in Figures 1 and 3. Preferably the book 17 is so disposed with relation to the shank that in theideal condition of the clip the back 23 of the hook projects beyond the plane of the shank, .as shown in Figure 3;

In the forming of the hook the shank may be so flexed that the back of the hook does not project appreciably or at all out of the plane of the shank but it will be understood that modification may be made in this detail of construction if desired. .The essential point is to maintain a bearing between the back of the hook and the spike at least at, and referably below, the lower surface of the p ate 12. The loop 18 is so disposed with relation to the shank that it projects slightly beyond the back of the shank forming' a hump 24, the primary purpose of which is to form a projection above the head of a fully driven spike .to hold the spike down and against upward creepage due to undulatory' movement of the rail orto vibration. It will be noted in Figure 1 that the shank of the hookis spaced slightly away from the edge of the rail base and the only contact between the rail and clip is at the top of therail base where it is engaged by the tip20 of the loop.

The chp shown in Figures 1 and 2 is applied by passing it through the aperture 14 of the plate and positioning it at approximately the inclination shown in Figure 3 I with the hook 17 engaged as far under thetie plate as possibleand the portion 20 touching the upper edge of the rail base. A spike is then inserted through the aperture 14 and will assume the inclined. position I shown in Figure 3 with the hump 23 of the hook en aging the'tapered point of the spike an the hump 24 engagingt-he body of the spike. Thespike is now driven home '1 and in the first part of the drivin as the tapered point passes the hump 23-the spike is swung more nearly to a vertical position and forces the 100 18 up and over the rail base to substantia ly the position shown in Figure 1. Owing to the inclination of the upper surface of the rail base the loop operates to force the rail tightly against the plate shoulder 13 and also exerts a wed 'ing or cammingaction to bind the rail 'ase tightly down on the platen As the spikei's' driven the projection on ofiset 22 of the edge of the plate aperture 14; forms a fulcrum point about which the clip tends to swing. As the spike holds the hook 17 against backing away it follows that any straightening up action from the position of Figure 3 is effected only by fiexion of the hook shank which serves to accentuate the rejection or oflset 22, as will be observed y comparison of Figures 1 and 3. It will also be observed that this fiexion is caused by the engagement of the spike with the humps 23 and 24 of the hook which are located respectively below and above the fulcrum point or oilset 22. The flexion of the clip operates to force the spike very tightly against the outer edge of the plate aperture .clip shank, which is in engagement with the the tightness of the clip.

in the'plate back of the spike.

14. Toward the end of the driving the back lip 25 of the spike head passes down over gages the outer edge of the plate aperture and forces the spike bodily toward the rail of the driving the back lip 25 of the spike passes underthe hump 24 allowing the loop to slack back slightly. This movement of the loop or largely counteracted by the wedging action of the spike throat 26 aperture which forces the s ike bodily toward the rail. In the stan ard spike illustrated the flare, which is a 1:12 taper is distributed equally'ou the front and types of spike all the however, that in many throat flare is placed at the front of the' spike and that with such spikes the spike will follow the sloping lower portion of the hump with substantially no slackening of the pressure in the loop 18. A slight tightspike is ening or compression laces practically t great or possibly of theloop 18 inexcess of that which will obtain in the service position shown in Fi re 1 is beneficial as it I whole clip under test to a load substantially as greater than any which Thus, if the clip y subjecting it may be imposed in service.

"is brittle or soft or otherwise defective the defect will be indicated by breakage or by a slackness when the spike is fully driven home. In the driving operation the point of the spike is compeHed to; travel in a curved path, with the result that the spike is in all probability bent as it penetrates the tie, thus making it more diflicult to withdraw. The spike may also be some times slightly bent outwardly a short distance below the head by reason of a stiflness of the loop 18 as the driven past it and in such bending addition to securing the spike more increase the efiective wedging action flare in the spike throat and therefore will in of the noted that the loop 18 is somewhat larger and is, for all practical purposes, closed.

the hump 24 the flared or It must be remembered,

This modification of thedevice places the metal of the clip in direct compression between the spike head and the edge of the rail base, with positively urged toward the plate shoulder. by the spike instead of only through the agency of the more or less resilient loop. Before the clip is applied the loop 18 is slightly open as in Figure 3 but is designer to ultimately close up completely. This loop can therefore yield only to vertical movement and not to horizontal movement as well as in the previously described form but the larger loop gives perhaps greater resiliency. The greater resiliency of a larger loop may be accompanied by a reduced grip in the vertical direction.but alny such reduction is more than offset by he clamping of the rail against the plate shoulder. The double reversed curve in the shank of thisform of clip also gives greater.

of a small substantially closed loop 17 and the shank 21 is a single continuous curvefrom the back 24 of the loop to the back 23 of the hook, the oiiset 22 of previous forms being entirely absent and the clip having no engagement with the inner end of the aperture but having a definite engagement with the-edge of the rail base. In this form of clip the rail is urged against the plateshoulder both by the upper loop and by the shank ofthe clip but lacks the properties derived from the offset 22. The loop formation of the hook 17 may be applied to any of the'forins except those shown in Figures 9 and 10.

The nose or extremity of the hook 17 may be fiat and formed to hear squarely outh-e.

lower surface of the tic'plate when the hook is in position, as shown in Figure '1. or may he formed tolie at a slight angle to the lower surface of the plate when in operative position, as indicated at 28. Fig ure 4. This'latter formation has the ad vantage of facilitating the application of the clip in that it providcs forfull surface bearing while the hook is in the inclined position of Figure?) and which position allows the clip to project farther up through the plate aperture and thus facilitates the engagement of the loop with the upper edge of the rail base. This will he more apparent when cons dered in comparison with" the action of the hook end shown in Figure 3, which has an edge bearing on the plate during application and which edge the result that the rail is direct action of the spike and the tight-er 9f) of double reversed bearing tends to hold the clip in a much lower position relatively to the plate than when it is in operation. It will thus be seen that the form of hook end shown in Figures 1 and 3 is slightly more diflicult of initial positioning but that the clip loop will slide up over the rail base with greater case than with the hook .formation shownin Figure 4. On the'othcr hand, owing to the formation shownin Figure 3, the clamp- .ing power may perhaps be limited owing .to

"the rise. of the clip in swinging to final position, whereas with the form shown in Figure 4 the clamping power is somewhat increased owing to the fact that the rise of the clip in swinging to final position is less than in the other form. The reason for v this is thatthe latter form keeps the pivotal point about which the hook swings more nearly centered in the clip than does the form shown in Figures 1 and 3. A con1-' promise of the two forms is shown in Fig ure 6 and hes in the provision of a bearing edge 29 intermediate the inner and outer' edges of thehook nose. The form-of hook end shown in Figurel, which provides a surface bearing, is lesssubject to wear due to vibration 'andother causes than is'the edge bearing shown in Figures 4 and 6, in which forms the edge tends to cut into .the plate andcause a veryslight reduction of the clamping pressure in course of time. A compromise between the surface bearing and the single edge bearing is illustrated in Figure '7 and resides in the provision of a concave nosefor the hook which provides a pair of spaced edges 30. The double edged bearing thus provided will result in less cutting into the plate but will have the characteristics of the fiat end of Figure 1. Any desired combination of these various forms of nose maybe made as well as other formations without departing from the spirit of'the invention, and the invention is in no way limited to these particular formations nor to the particular angles'of bearv ing edges illustrated.

For various reasons: it maybe found desirable to slightly crown the nose ofbthe hook from side to side as indicated in Figure 8 and this crowning may-be combined with any of the formations shown in Figures 1, 4, (Sand 7 or with any other end formations,

or the end of the hook may be flatfrom side to side. The crowning shown in Figure 8 has someadvantage in the ap lication of f the clip owning to a slight arc ing which is sometimes found m plates and WlllClllS move longitudinally relatively to. the

especially incident to the punching of the ation of the device. .If the rail tends to late it will .tend to carry the upper end 0 the clip with it. .The lowerend being engaged aperture 1% Thecrowning of the hook nose is. however, of some importance ID the operone side thereof. It will be understoodthat the canting or rocking of the clip just de scribed is in practice more theoretical than actual, for the reason that with a properly Y dimensioned clip of. proper temper the grip is so great that the rocking or tilting of the clip,-ifany, is so sli ht as to be unnoticeable.

It will also be'seen that owing to the very short vertical distance between clip engage.

ment with the plate bottom and rail base top that any actual movement of the loop in the longitudinal direction of the rail must necessarily be very-small. The condition is in a stress testingmachine in which the levers remain practically stationary but are formed as if for movement. The bearing portion 20 of the loop may be similarly crowned although this is not deemed necessary on account of the resiliency of the loop. In Figure 9 there is illustrated a further comparable with the conditions prevailing embodiment of the invention in which the 1 clip, designated 15, is of substantially rigid constructlon instead of the resilient construction of the forms already described. It is desirable even in the so-called rigid construction to provide a certain amount of resiliency, and therefore theup er end of the clip is looped as at 18 but bearing on the'rail base instead of the hearing shown in theother figures. It will be understood, however, that such a loop formation may be. omitted if there is no variation in the thickness of the plate and rail base. The omission of the loop would yield a substantially rigid structure, as shown in Figure 10, but as there is always a certain variation in the thickness of plates and rail bases and in; the dimensions of spikes and the location of plateapertures, such a rigid construction should generally beused in as an end- 1 connection with. shims as may be necessary to compensate for the above noted lack of uniformity; The clips shown in either Figure 9 or 10 may be vapplied in substantially'the same way as the resilient clips already described and securedin position v by a spikedrivenoutside the clip through the plate aperture. Owing to the lack of resiliency these forms of clip exert merely a pinching-or camming actionon the rail base and plate, and the throat between the hooks or jaws must be sufficiently deep to allow for lateral movement in application according to the variations-in thickness of plate and railbase. In such a form of clip it may not be possible to drive a spike fully down and in addition, owing to the lack'of resiliency, reliance must be placed on shimming or further driving of the spike to compensate for wear or stretching of the clip. Obviously a rigid clip has not the same capability as a resilient clip of withstanding the various stresses incident to service. One or both of the surfaces bearing on the plateand rail may be crowned as already described and if desired the lower hook may be also formed as described in connection with any of Figures 4, 6 and 7.

In the resilient form of clip the hump 24 at the back of the loop, which hump overlies the spike head, operates to hold the spike down in the position to which it is driven. If it is desired to eliminate the definite hump, as shown for example'in Figures; 1 and 1, a similar holding effect may be. obtained by providing one or more recesses 32 in the back or outer side of the clip. for the reception of the back lip 25 of the spike head. In the rigid forms of clip illustrated in Figures 9 and 10, it is desirable to provide a plurality of such recesses in order that, as the spike is driven farther down to take up wear, it may be rele'asably locked at each new position by engagement'in one of the recesses. The angle formed by the meeting of the loop and the shank of the -'e-arlier described forms or by any projec- 'tion is to be regarded as forming a recess and as the full equivalent of the recesses 32. It will also be understood that the provision of recesses on a clip for the purposes of looking a spike against upward 'move ment is not confined to the particular embodiments of the invention herein disclosed. g

but is applicable to other embodiments and also to entirely difi'erent forms of clips or of anchors which-may or may not depend for their operation upon co-operation with a spike.

Theo ration of the device will, it is thought, e fully understood from the. foregoing description and it remains only to point out that the clip serves not only to urge a rail toward a plate shoulder or the like and to hold a rail down on a plate but serves also to hold a spike securely to a plate so that the upward creepage of. the spike, which is a well known phenomenon resulting from undulatory movement of the :rail, is prohibited and the s ike is -maintained in proper relation" with theplate.

. In fact. when assembled, the rail, plate, clip and spike are virtually locked together and .must move as a unit. The cli will exert a grip so tight on the rail and p ate and exert such a great holding effort that there. will be under ordinary conditions no lon itudinal movement of the rail relatively to t e plate; Any tendency to such movement of the rail produces a cramping tendency in the clip which only serves to increase the grip. Ob

viously, it is immaterial to the gripping power of the clip in'which direction the tendency to longitudinal vrail movement is exerted. Furthermore, a reversal of the direction of tendency to rail movement has no appreciable loosening efi'ect on the clip.

The importance of this feature will be ap-,

preciated by those skilled in railway construction and maintenance and who are familiar with the loosening eifect of reversal of pressure inf certain, types of rail anchors or-anti-creepers.

The numberof clips or anchors per rail is v of course dictated by the conditions of service.

sufficient and in this case the clip shouldbe i on the unshouldered end ofthe ,plateas jillustrated, but if desired two clips perplate may be used. the clips being located one on each side of the rail. With crowned plates A single clip in each plate to which the rail is anchored will usually. be foundsuch as are now in general use, the clips should be located ,in the middle of the plate ioo While the devicehas been illustrated and-= described as positioned with loop uppermost, it will be understood that t may be inverted and will exert substantiallv the same hold ing effect, although the application may not be as easy. In such a ca e the clip will swing to operative position about a agement with the rail base. 1

Although the description and illustr tion have been confined s bstantially to tie plates or the equivalent, it. will be unde stood replaced by any suitable holding device whichwill' exert a similar action although co-operation with whateverdevice' replaces point of en-f,

that the clip may be used equallv well to; it attach rails to metal ties, the spike being? the plate. In the same way the clip maybe used to attach -devices, such as anti-creepers, I to the rail. Forjthe purposes, of the 101-. lowing claims, tie platesand the like, metalj;

ties, anti-cree ers and other devices are w-i'il deemed to be lncluded 'inthe. term-device: located under rail or equivalent expression,

Heretofore the device has been described and illustrated as a combined clip and anticreeper, t at is to my; {de ice h l i g "th movement in its longitudinal direction. De-

vices similar to those shown in Figures 1 to 10, or any suitable modifications thereof, may bc used'purely as anti-creepers in conneetion with Ztie plates, base plates, tie spacers or similardevi'ces or even-with metal ties, i by slightly altering the dimensions of the p.

her in operative position.

clip so as to embraceonly the rail base,- as shown in Figure 11. The clip,..designated ,"\vl1en in pos1tion,-engages the rail so tightly as to be substantially immovable.

thereon and enters into. an opening or recess tudin'al direction of the 14of the plate'as previously described, so-

as-to be held against movement, in the longiof the-plate. The provision of an opening or recess in the, plate is immaterial as long as the plate presents shoulders against which thecIip-may hear. "The clip is preferably held in operative engagement with the rail by'mea'ns of a spike 16 or other device driven behind it, as already described. It will beexposesuflicient of .the' bottomof thegrail' noted: in"Figure 11 that the plate opening 14 is'necessarily extended under. the rail-to base'for engagement by the clip. In this arrangement the clip serves tourge the rail against the plate shoulder and therefore to clamp the rail to the plate in this respectexactly as described in connection with the This form of clip also Y the rail base,

a point of support to exert a camming ac tion and clamp the rail and device tightly clip of Figure 1. serves as a spike look but the hump 24,-niay be omitted in this and other forms if the as modification of back ourvature,be used with-.

out a spike or equivalent element separate from the tie plate or the'like, by suitably dimensioning the plate aperture 14 to engage the back of the clip. In such use of the clip, the application is effected by. raising the rail, forcibly applying the clip theretorand then lowering the rail to force the lower end of the clip into the plate opening 14 so that the clip is held in. compression between the rail base and the back or outer wall of the opening 14.

Having thus described our. invention, what we claim is:--

1.v Means to clamp together a rail anda device located thereunder comprising, a clamping member engageable under such device beneath a rail and with the upper surface of the rail base, means engageable with the said device to hold the clamping,

member in operative position, said clamping member being formed. to releasably lock the holding means in holdingposition.

2. Means to yieldingly clamp together a rail and a device located thereunder comrisin a resilient clam in member en- P e gageable at one end under such device and rail, independently device located silient clamping member engageable under and with the upper surface of the rail base,,and fulcrumed on said devicevice and with the other end with the upper surfaceof the rail base, and means to hold the clamping mem- .:4.. Means to clamp together a'rail and a .devicelocated thereunder comprising, a resilient clamping member engageable under such deviceand with the upper surface of therail base, andineans en'gageable with the clamplng-member anddevice to releasably lock the clamping member, rail and device together, [the clamping member being formed toreleasably lock the holding member relati vely to clamping member-and to the device. I

5, Means 'to clamp together a rail and a device located thereunder comprising, a clamping member engage-able under such de- {198 and with theupper surface of the rail )8188, her in a vertical plane to exert a camming action and clamp the rail and device tightly together.

6. Meansto clamp together a rail and a device located thereunder comprising, a resilient'clamping member engageable under such device and designed to be swung about vtogether.- U

I 7 Means to clamp together a rail and a thereunder comprising, a resuch device for movement in, a vertical plane, and holding means adapted toengage the clamping means on opposite sides of the fulcrum point.

.8. Means to clamp together a rail and a device located thereunder comprising a resilient clamping member engageable under such device and with the upper surface of the rail base, and vfulcrumed .on said device for movement in a vertical plane, and ho ding means'adapted to engage the clamping means on opposite sides of the fulcrum point and to wedge the clamping means into operative position. 7 i

.9 Means to-clamp' togethera rail and-a device located thereunder comprising, a "clamping, member engageable undersuch debase,

plane into operative position.

device located thereunder andmeans to swing the clamping mem-' and with the upper surface of upper surface of the rail and a means to exert a wedging action and swing the clamping means in a vertical 10.-Means to clamp together a railand a '1 comprising a vice beneath a rail and with the upper su-rface of the rail base, anddiolding means adapted to engage the clamping member below its point of engagementwith the device points of engagement with the holding-- means and on the opposite side from said holding means, said holding means having engagement with the said device substantial- 1v on a level with the fulcrum point of the' clamping member.

13..Means to clainp-togethera rail and a device located thereunder, includinga strip of material hooked at one end to engage under such device and bent upon itself atthe opposite end to engage the upper surface of the rail base; H

14. Means to clamp together a rail and a device located thereunder, including a strip of resilient materialhooked at one vend to engage under such device and bent upon itself at the opposite end to form a resilient loop engageable with the upper surface of the rail base,

15. Means to clamp together arail, 7

device located thereunder, includingast'rip of material hooked at one end to engage under such device and bent at the opposite end to form a loop adapted to lie above a rail base withtlie end of the strip in engagement with the rail base.

16. Means to clamp together a rail and a device, located thereunder, including a strip of material hooked at one endto engage end to form a loop adapted to lie above a rail base with the end of the strip in en' gagement with the rail base, and a projection on the clamping member above said hook adapted to bear against the said device and constitute a fulcrum point for the clamping member. a 17. Means to clamp together a rail and a device locate d thereunder, including a strip of material hooked at one end to engage under such device and bent at the opposite end to form a loop adapted to lie above arail base with the end of thestrip n engagement with the rail-base, and an oifset portion in said clamping member between the hook and loop adapted to bear against the said device and constitute a fulcr-uin' I point for the clamping member.

1.8. Means to clamp together a rai. and a device located thereunder, including a strip of material hooked at one end-" to engage under such device-and bent at the opposite end to form a loop adapted to lie above a rail base with the end of'the strip in en'- gag'einent with the rail base, the clamping inember'being formed intermediate the hook and 'loon'yfor engagement with the edge of the rail base. I t t 19.Means to elainptogether a rail'and a device located thereunder, including a strip of resilient material hooked at one endto engage under such device and bent upon itself at the opposite end to' form a resilient loop enga geable with the upper surface of the rail base," the said loop being slightly open before application of the .membeigand me'ansito forcibly engage thejclamping member and the rail, whereby the loop exertsa can'iming action on ithe inclined upper surface'of the rail base to clam the rail and device together, the loop ing 1 thereby substantially closed and exertinga resilient holding 'e ffort.- p

Means to Clamp tog thera rail anda device located thereunder,including a strip of=resilient material hooked-fat oneend to engage undersucl de s I andbent upon itself at the opposite endto 'f In resilient loop eneagable with the upper surface, of th rail lease. means engagable iwitli thfe clamping member above amT'belowQsaidlofi'setto forcibly engage the clamping member and rail. I

21. Means to cIamp togethe'r a rail-anda device located thereunder, includingfla strip offres'ilie'nt materialhooked' at one end to engage under such device and bent upon} itself at the opposite end to form a resilient loop'engageable with theupper surface'of the 'railbase, the clamping member being reversely-curved hetweenthe hook and loop to form projections engageable with the said'device and with the edge of the rail base, under such device and bent at the opposite v 22. Means to clamp togethera rail and a device locatedthereuuder, including a strip of resilient materialhooked at one end to engage under such device and bent upon 'itself ati-the opposite end to form a resilient loop ,engageable'with the upper surface of the rail base, the clamping member being 'reversely curved between the hook and loop to form a projection engageable with the said device and with the edge of the rail base, and means engageable with the clamping member above and below said projection to-forcibly engage the pro cction with the said device and with the edge of the Ii'ail base and also to forcibly engage the loop with the sloping upper surface of the rail base, thereby to effect a clainping action and a coinpressioi'i of the loop.

23.' Means to clamp together a rail and a device located thereunder, including a strip of material hooked at one end to engage under such device and bentat the opposite I gagement with the rail base,

' clamping member,

end to form a loop end to form a loop adapted to lie above a railbase with the end of the strip in engagement witlrthe rail base, the back of the hook and the back of the 100 projecting beyond the intervenin material of the strip to form bearing sur aces for engagementwith a holding member.

24. Means to clamp together a rail and a device located thereunder, including a strip of material hookedat one end to engage under such device and bent at the opposite adapted to lie above a rail base with the end of the strip in enand a projec, tion on the clamping member above said hook adapted to bear against the said device and constitute a fulcrum point for the the back of the loop projecting beyond the intervening materialof-the strip to form bearing surfaces above and below the fulcrum point for engagement with a holding member. I I

25. 'Means to clamp together a rail and a device located thereunder including a clamping member presenting an upturned hook at its lower end for engagement with the lower surface, of such device and means at its upper end for engagement with the upper surface of a'rail ase, the said hook being formed to have substantially an ed e" bearing on the device 26. Means to clamp ing member having a hook. for engagement 4 applicable to hold the member in clamping- .ject over the upper end of under such device, andmeansfor engagement with the upper surface of the rail base, the said hook side to side, whereby the hook has rolling vengagement with the device to maintain the centre of stress as nearly as possible in the centre-of the member in the event of osoil lation or tendency to oscillation of the member in the longitudinal direction of the rail;

27. Means adapted to underlie a-rail base and a projection on said means below which. the head of a spike may be forcibly passed in driving, -the said projection operating to hold the. spike against upward creepage. I

' 28. Means to clamp together a rail and-"a. device located thereunder including a mem-' ber formed railand to to underlie said device beneath a overlie the rail base, the said member being recessed to receive the head of a spike driven adjacent the member to 2 hold the spike against upwardcreepage.

I 29. Means to clamp together a rail and a device located thereunder including a memher-formed to underlie said device beneath a. rail and to overlie the rail base, and means position, the member being formed to pro said holding the hack of the hook andinoperativeposition ofthe clamping member.

' together a. rail and a. device located thereunder including a clampbeing crowned from direction of the I against movement by the rail relatively to by its engagement. in the plate of itself when operatively positioned to fric- 'tionally engage a rail and to resist relative movement longitudinally of the rail and to have abutting engagement with said device to hold the clip positively against movement in the longitudinal direction of the rail rela-.

tively to said device.-

- 32. A. rail anti-creeper including a device to underlie a rail and a resilient clip adapted of itself when operatively positioned to frictionally engage a rail and to resist relative movement longitudinally of the rail and to have abutting engagement with said device to hold the clip positively against movement in the longitudinal direction of the rail rel-- atively to said device, and means to hold the clip in operative engagement with the rail.

33. In combination, a-rail clip adapted to overlie and underlie a rail base, and a spike adapted to be driven on the opposite side of sai clip from a rail to hold the clip'in rail gripping positiomsaidclip having a bump past which the spike'head may be driven and engageable with the top of. the s ike head to hold the spike down in clip hol position, Y

. 34. A rail anticreeper comprising an apertured plate to underlle a rail, a resilient clip to, be inserted through the plate aperture and to frictionally engage the under surface of the plate and the upper surface of a rail base onsaid late. to resist relative movement of the ra1l and plate in the longitudinal rail, the said clip being held the plate aperture.

35. A rail anticreeper comprising an in lOO apertured plate to underlie a rail, aresilient' clip to be inserted through the plate aper-' ture and .to 'frictionally engage the under surface of the plate and the 'upper'surface ofa rail base on said plate to resist relative movement-of the rail and plateinlthe longitudinal direction of the rail. the said clip being held against movement by the rail relatively to the'plate by its engagement in the plate aperture,and means inserted through the plate aperture in compression between I the edge of the aperture and the clip and serving to hold the clip in operative relation with the plate and rail. 1

36. Means 'to yieldingly'clamp together arail and a devicelocated thereunder compris ing a resilient clamping member looped at its upper end adapted by reason of resili-- ency developed from compression of the loop in application to press upwardly on the under surface of such device and to press downwardly on the upper surface of the rail base.

37. Means to yieldingly clamp together a rail and a device located thereunder comprising a resilient clamping member looped at its upper end adapted by reason of resiliency developed from compression of the loop in application to press upwardly on the under surface of such device and to press downwardly on the upper surface of the rail base, and a third element to hold the clamping member in operative position.

38. Means to yieldingly clamp together a' rail and a device located thereunder comprising a resilient clamping memberadapted by reason of its resiliency to press upwardly on the under surface of such device and to press downwardly on the upper surface of the rail base, and means to hold the clamping member in operative position, the said clamping means being formed with a projection adapted to be displaced by application of the holding means and to return to normal position to releasably retain the holding means in holding position.

39.- Means to yieldinglyclamp together a rail and a. device located thereunder comprising a resilient clamping member looped at its upper end adapted by reason of resiliency developed from compression of the loop in application to press upwardly on the under surface of such device and to press downwardly on the upper surface of the rail base, the said clamping member-being in abutting engagement with said device to positively hold the same against movement relative to the device in the direction of rail length.

In witness whereof, we have hereunto set our hands.

FRANCIS W. COOPER. HENRY STEADWORTHY. 

